A heterocyclic compound is defined as any organic compound where their molecules are characterized by rings containing at least one atom other than carbon. These compounds are structurally similar to cyclic organic hydrocarbons, but their properties can vary widely from those of their hydrocarbon counterparts and are largely governed by the identity, location and number of heteroatoms present in the molecule. It is this rich diversity of physical and biological properties that has led to intense study of heterocyclic compounds. It follows then that Heterocyclic Chemistry is the study of all aspects of heterocyclic compounds.Heterocyclic chemistry has its origin in organic synthesis, natural products chemistry and medicinal chemistry. Indeed most any heterocyclic chemist will also consider themselves organic chemists and many will consider themselves to be natural products chemists and medicinal chemists as well. This relationship between disciplines arises because heterocyclic molecules are fundamental building blocks of biological systems. In addition to its importance to biology, heterocyclic chemistry has seen intense study in diverse areas such as dyes, photosensitizers, coordination compounds, polymeric materials and many other fields.
杂环化合物是指其分子由含有除碳以外至少一个原子的环表征的任何有机化合物。这些化合物在结构上与环状有机碳氢化合物相似，但其性质可能与碳氢化合物的性质大不相同，并在很大程度上取决于分子中存在的杂原子的特性、位置和数量。正是这种丰富多样的物理和生物特性导致了对杂环化合物的深入研究。由此可知，杂环化学是对杂环化合物各个方面的研究。杂环化学起源于有机合成、天然产物化学和药物化学。实际上，大多数杂环化学家也会认为自己是有机化学家，许多人也会认为自己是天然产物化学家和药物化学家。学科之间的这种关系之所以产生，是因为杂环分子是生物系统的基本组成部分。杂环化学不仅对生物学有重要意义，而且在染料、光敏剂、配位化合物、高分子材料等许多领域都有着广泛的研究。
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