World Englishes

World Englishes is a term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes consists of identifying varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how sociolinguistic histories, multicultural backgrounds and contexts of function influence the use of English in different regions of the world.The issue of World Englishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally. Pragmatic factors such as appropriateness, comprehensibility and interpretability justified the use of English as an international and intra-national language. In 1988, at a Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) conference in Honolulu, Hawaii, the International Committee of the Study of World Englishes (ICWE) was formed. In 1992, the ICWE formally launched the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) at a conference of "World Englishes Today", at the University of Illinois, USA.[1] There is now an academic journal devoted to the study of this topic, titled World Englishes.[2]Currently, there are approximately 75 territories where English is spoken either as a first language (L1) or as an unofficial or institutionalized second language (L2) in fields such as government, law and education. It is difficult to establish the total number of Englishes in the world, as new varieties of English are constantly being developed and discovered.

世界英语是一个新兴的本地化或本土化的英语变体的术语，尤其是在受英国或美国影响的地区发展起来的变体。世界英语的研究包括识别全球不同社会语言学语境中使用的各种英语，分析社会语言学历史、多元文化背景和功能语境如何影响世界不同地区的英语使用。世界英语问题最早是在1978年提出的，目的是在全球范围内考察区域英语的概念。适当性、可理解性和可解释性等语用因素证明英语是一种国际和国内语言。1988年，在夏威夷檀香山举行的“英语教师对其他语言者”会议上，成立了世界英语研究国际委员会。1992年，在美国伊利诺斯大学举行的“今日世界英语”会议上，ICWE正式成立了世界英语国际协会(IAWE)。现在有一本学术期刊专门研究这个题目，题目是《世界英语》目前，大约有75个地区在政府、法律和教育等领域将英语作为第一语言(L1)或非官方或制度化的第二语言(L2)使用。随着英语新品种的不断发展和发现，世界上英语的总数很难确定。