CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil engineering is a professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment, including public works such as roads, bridges, canals, dams, airports, sewerage systems, pipelines, structural components of buildings, and railways.Civil engineering is traditionally broken into a number of sub-disciplines. It is considered the second-oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it is defined to distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering. Civil engineering takes place in the public sector from municipal through to national governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

土木工程是一门专业的工程学科，涉及物理和自然环境的设计、施工和维护，包括公共工程，如道路、桥梁、运河、大坝、机场、污水系统、管道、建筑物的结构部件和铁路。土木工程传统上分为若干子学科。它被认为是继军事工程之后第二古老的工程学科，其定义是区分非军事工程和军事工程。土木工程发生在从市政到国家政府的公共部门，以及从个人业主到国际公司的私营部门。