基于 VR 的金工仿真与实训评估研究

来源：计算机技术与发展杂志2023年第07期北京时间：

作者：唐传谦*;党虎飞

单位：青海大学 计算机技术与应用系,青海 西宁 810016 Author(s): TANG Chuan-qian* ;DANG Hu-fei Department of Computer Technology and Application,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China 关键词: 金工仿真;虚拟现实;模型构建;交互设计;评估 Keywords: metalworking simulation;virtual reality;model construction;interaction design;assessment 分类号: TP391. 9 DOI: 10. 3969 / j. issn. 1673-629X. 2023. 07. 029 摘要: 针对金工实训过程中大型机械设备操作的安全隐患、实训学生众多、指导教师较少等问题,进行了基于虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)的金工实习仿真与实训评估的研究。 利用多边形、曲面、参数建模等方法构建金工实习的铣床、车床模型和虚拟实训环境,通过贴图制作、UV 贴图、模型拼接等过程完善金工大型机械设备和实训环境的真实性效果,实现金工实训场景仿真。 将铣床和车床的操作规范和注意事项以评估量表的形式进行 VR 场景的交互评估设计,以射线检测与数据持久化方式记录用户操作数据,对比评估量表实现金工实训过程的机械设备使用预指导和预评估。 在 VR 环境中实现操作指导与实训引导,通过评估之后再进行金工实训,71% 的学生实训考核优秀,相较于同样大小样本学生,未经过金工仿真与实训的学生仅有 54% 考核优秀。 金工仿真与实训能有效提高实训优秀率和及格率,降低安全隐患发生概率和解决老师学生人数不匹配的问题,辅助金工实训实践。 Abstract: In view of the hidden danger in the operation of large mechanical equipment in the process of metalworking training,a largenumber of training students,the few instructors and other problems,we conduct research on the simulation and training evaluation of metalworking practice based on virtual reality ( VR) . The milling machine,lathe model,and virtual training environment for metalworkingpractice are constructed by polygon, surface, parameter modeling and other methods. The authenticity of large - scale metalworkingmechanical equipment and training environment is improved through mapping,UV mapping,model splicing,and other processes to realizethe simulation of the metalworking training field. The operation specifications and precautions of milling machines and lathes aredesigned for interactive evaluation of VR scenes in the form of evaluation scales, user operation data are recorded in the form ofradiographic testing and data persistence,and mechanical equipment use pre-guidance and pre-evaluation during metalworking trainingare achieved by comparing the evaluation scales. Operation guidance and training guidance are realized in a VR environment. After evaluation,metalworking training is carried out. 71% of the students are excellent in practical training assessments. Compared with studentsof the same size,only 54% of the students without metalworking simulation and training are excellent in assessments. Metalworking simulation and training can effectively improve the excellent rate and pass rate of practical training, effectively reduce the probability ofpotential safety hazards and solve the problem that the number of teachers and students do not match. Assisting in metalworking practice.

摘要：针对金工实训过程中大型机械设备操作的安全隐患、实训学生众多、指导教师较少等问题,进行了基于虚拟现实(Virtual Reality,VR)的金工实习仿真与实训评估的研究。 利用多边形、曲面、参数建模等方法构建金工实习的铣床、车床模型和虚拟实训环境,通过贴图制作、UV 贴图、模型拼接等过程完善金工大型机械设备和实训环境的真实性效果,实现金工实训场景仿真。 将铣床和车床的操作规范和注意事项以评估量表的形式进行 VR 场景的交互评估设计,以射线检测与数据持久化方式记录用户操作数据,对比评估量表实现金工实训过程的机械设备使用预指导和预评估。 在 VR 环境中实现操作指导与实训引导,通过评估之后再进行金工实训,71% 的学生实训考核优秀,相较于同样大小样本学生,未经过金工仿真与实训的学生仅有 54% 考核优秀。 金工仿真与实训能有效提高实训优秀率和及格率,降低安全隐患发生概率和解决老师学生人数不匹配的问题,辅助金工实训实践。

关键词：金工仿真;虚拟现实;模型构建;交互设计;评估